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Mitochondrial Ubiquitination as a Signaling Hub: Balancing Mitophagy, Inflammation, and Cell Death
Mitochondrial Ubiquitination as a Key Signal Balancing Mitochondrial Cleanup, Inflammation, and Cell Death
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Abstract
Ubiquitination of outer mitochondrial membrane proteins may act as a molecular switch that integrates stress signals and influences cell fate.
- Ubiquitination encodes information through various chain architectures and linkage types on outer mitochondrial membrane proteins.
- This ubiquitination is associated with three main stress-response mechanisms: mitophagy, cell death, and innate immune signaling.
- The selection of these pathways may depend on the type of ubiquitinated outer mitochondrial membrane proteins and the structure of attached polyubiquitin chains.
- Both PARKIN-dependent and PARKIN-independent mechanisms are involved in regulating mitophagy through E3 ligases and deubiquitinases.
- Ubiquitination of outer mitochondrial membrane proteins may influence the MDA5/RIG-I-MAVS axis and NF-κB signaling in innate immunity.
- Ubiquitination of BCL-2 family proteins could either increase or decrease the likelihood of apoptosis.
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