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Abstract
Over the past decade, advances in molecular biology and genomics have significantly reshaped the understanding of Type 2 diabetes.
- Type 2 diabetes is influenced by insulin resistance, beta-cell dysfunction, and various genetic and epigenetic factors.
- Large-scale genetic studies have identified specific genetic risk loci and epigenetic mechanisms associated with the disease.
- Novel biomarkers, such as circulating microRNAs and metabolomic signatures, may aid in early detection and risk assessment.
- Incretin-based medications, particularly GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors, have improved both glycemic control and cardiovascular-renal health.
- Current prevention strategies may benefit from weight loss, microbiome adjustments, and personalized interventions based on genetic risk.
- Key areas for future research include better understanding of risk loci functions and the processes of beta-cell dedifferentiation and recovery.
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