Structural characterization and fermentation of a novel Moringa oleifera leaves polysaccharide with hypoglycemic effects

Mar 16, 2025Food chemistry

Structure and fermentation of a new sugar from Moringa leaves with blood sugar-lowering effects

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Abstract

A polysaccharide (MOP-3) isolated from Moringa oleifera leaves has a molecular weight of 2.019 × 10 Da.

MOP-3 is mainly composed of arabinose, rhamnose, and galactose.
Structural analysis revealed various glycosidic linkages in MOP-3.
MOP-3 may alter gut microbiota by decreasing Firmicutes and increasing Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria.
The polysaccharide is associated with increased production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and enhanced secretion of GLP-1 in STC-1 cells.
Insights into the structural characteristics and hypoglycemic effects of MOP-3 could inform future applications of food polysaccharides.

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Moringa oleifera leaf-derived natural products offer diverse health benefits in metabolic disorders. However, the structural attributes of M. oleifera leaf polysaccharides, their transformations during gastrointestinal digestion, and their influence on gut microbiota and hypoglycemic activity remain insufficiently understood. This study isolated and purified a hypoglycemic polysaccharide (MOP-3) from M. oleifera leaves, primarily composed of arabinose, rhamnose, and galactose, with a molecular weight of 2.019 × 10 Da. Structural analysis identified glycosidic linkages, including →2)-α-L-Fucp-(1→, →2)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→, →3,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, →2)-α-D-Xylp-(1→, →2,4)-β-D-Manp-(1→, →2,3)-α-D-GalpA-6-OMe-(1→, and →4)-β-D-GlcpA-6-OMe-(1→. MOP-3 reshapes gut microbiota by decreasing Firmicutes while increasing Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, concurrently stimulating SCFA production, and enhancing GLP-1 secretion in STC-1 cells. The structural characterization and hypoglycemic properties of MOP-3 in this study provide a theoretical basis for further utilization of food polysaccharides. 4

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Structural characterization and fermentation of a novel Moringa oleifera leaves polysaccharide with hypoglycemic effects

Abstract

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