Using mRNA and gene therapy as new treatments for diabetes

mRNA therapies have demonstrated potential in restoring insulin production and enhancing angiogenesis in diabetes.

• Emerging mRNA and gene therapies focus on targeting the underlying mechanisms of diabetes rather than just managing symptoms.
• mRNA therapies delivered via lipid nanoparticles have shown effectiveness in preclinical models for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
• Vascular endothelial growth factor-A, fibroblast growth factor 21, and glucagon-like peptide-1 linked to the IgG4 Fc region are key mRNAs explored for therapeutic use.
• Gene therapy aims for long-term correction of insulin signaling and pancreatic cell reprogramming, utilizing both viral and nonviral delivery methods.
• CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing tools are being investigated for their ability to correct metabolic defects and protect insulin-producing β cells.
• Challenges such as delivery efficiency, immunogenicity, and off-target effects remain critical hurdles for the successful application of these therapies.

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