Different parts of mRNA vaccines work together to trigger strong immune responses in the germinal centers

Nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines are shown to promote T follicular helper cell differentiation through multiple mechanisms.

• mRNA induces the production of type I interferons, enhancing dendritic cell maturation and T follicular helper cell differentiation.
• The lipid nanoparticles facilitate mRNA uptake by dendritic cells in the draining lymph node, influencing T follicular helper cell responses.
• Both mRNA and lipid nanoparticles exhibit distinct adjuvant properties that are necessary for effective T follicular helper cell induction.
• The findings could inform future vaccine design by highlighting the roles of mRNA and lipid nanoparticles in immune responses.

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