Comparing mouth-like surface brushing and tissue samples to detect small intestine bacteria in functional indigestion

Functional dyspepsia (FD) affects quality of life and may be linked to the duodenal microbiome.

• FD is a common gastrointestinal disorder.
• Recent studies suggest a potential connection between the duodenal microbiome and FD.
• The gut-brain axis may play a role in the relationship between the microbiome and FD.
• The best methods for collecting samples to study the microbiome in FD have not yet been established.
• Specific microbial characteristics associated with FD are still unclear.

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