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Abstract
Nanodelivery systems may enhance the effectiveness of mRNA vaccines in tumor immunotherapy by addressing delivery inefficiencies and overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
- Nanocarriers can protect and target mRNA while reshaping tumor metabolism and immunity.
- Three mechanisms are proposed for nanocarriers to function as 'metabolism-immunity dual regulation centers'.
- These mechanisms include co-delivery of metabolic regulators, modulation of immune cell metabolism, and TME-responsive release.
- The mTOR/STAT3/HIF-1α signaling pathways are highlighted as key links between metabolic dysregulation and immune suppression.
- The review outlines challenges in clinical translation and suggests future directions such as AI-assisted design.
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