Nanomicelle protects the immune activation effects of Paclitaxel and sensitizes tumors to anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy

Jul 30, 2020Theranostics

Nanomicelle keeps paclitaxel’s immune-boosting effects and helps tumors respond better to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy

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Circadian Biology on OpenScience ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Abstract

A low dose of nanomicelle-encapsulated paclitaxel (nano-PTX) treatment induced immune-dependent tumor control.

Paclitaxel is associated with immunogenic cell death, promoting antitumor immunity through immune activation.
Nanomicelle encapsulation protects the immunogenic effects of paclitaxel from impairment caused by traditional chemotherapy.
Nano-PTX treatment increased the infiltration and function of T cells and dendritic cells within tumors compared to traditional formulations.
High levels of PD-1 on tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells and PD-L1 on immune and tumor cells may hinder antitumor immunity after nano-PTX treatment.
Combining nano-PTX with PD-1 antibodies enhanced CD8 T cell-dependent antitumor immunity and improved therapeutic efficacy.

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Paclitaxel (PTX) has shown pleiotropic immunologic effects on the tumor microenvironment, and nanomicelle has emerged as a promising strategy for PTX delivery. However, the detailed mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Meanwhile, immunogenic cell death (ICD) is an effective approach to activate the immune system. This study investigated the ICD effect of PTX and how nanomicelle affected the immune-activation ability of PTX.The ICD effects of PTX were identified via the expression of ICD markers and cell vaccine experiment. Tumor size and overall survival in multiple animal models with treatment were monitored to evaluate the antitumor effects. The mechanisms of PTX-induced ICD and antitumor immunity were determined by detecting gene expression related to ER stress and analyzing immune cell profile in tumor after treatment.We revealed the immune-regulation mechanism of PTX nanomicelle by inducing ICD, which can promote antigen presentation by dendritic cells (DCs) and activate antitumor immunity. Notably, nanomicelle encapsulation protected the ICD effects and immune activation, which were hampered by immune system impairment caused by chemotherapy. Compared with traditional formulations, a low dose of nanomicelle-encapsulated PTX (nano-PTX) treatment induced immune-dependent tumor control, which increased the infiltration and function of both T cells and DCs within tumors. However, this antitumor immunity was hampered by highly expressed PD-1 on tumor-infiltrating CD8T cells and upregulated PD-L1 on both immune cells and tumor cells after nano-PTX treatment. Combination therapy with a low dose of nano-PTX and PD-1 antibodies elicited CD8T cell-dependent antitumor immunity and remarkably improved the therapeutic efficacy.Our results provide systemic insights into the immune-regulation ability of PTX to induce ICD, which acts as an inducer of endogenous vaccines through ICD effects, and also provides an experimental basis for clinical combination therapy with nano-PTX and PD-1 antibodies. Methods: Results: Conclusions: + +

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Nanomicelle protects the immune activation effects of Paclitaxel and sensitizes tumors to anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy

Abstract

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