Advanced nanoparticle-enabled risperidone delivery for improved therapeutic outcomes of schizophrenia management: a review

📖 Top 50% JournalOct 23, 2025Drug development and industrial pharmacy

Improving schizophrenia treatment with advanced nanoparticle delivery of risperidone: a review

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Abstract

RSP-loaded nanoparticles may improve schizophrenia treatment by enhancing drug solubility and targeting.

Risperidone-loaded nanoparticles demonstrated improved solubility and sustained release compared to traditional formulations.
These nanoparticles exhibited enhanced brain-targeting capacity, potentially increasing therapeutic effects at lower doses.
Decreased systemic toxicity was observed with RSP nanoparticles, which may reduce side effects associated with higher doses.
Intranasal and parenteral administration routes could improve bioavailability and patient compliance in individuals with schizophrenia.
Preclinical data suggest that these formulations could improve pharmacokinetic profiles and reduce extrapyramidal symptoms.

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OBJECTIVE: This review aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Risperidone (RSP)-loaded nanoparticles as an innovative drug delivery approach for effective schizophrenia (SZ) management and improved patient outcomes.

SIGNIFICANCE: Schizophrenia is a long-standing mental disorder involving disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior, frequently necessitating extended pharmacologic therapy. While RSP, a second-generation antipsychotic, is efficacious against both positive and negative symptoms, its therapeutic use is impaired by limited water solubility, low oral bioavailability, extensive first-pass metabolism, and dose-dependent side effects. Overcoming these limitations may substantially benefit patient outcomes. Recent advances in nanotechnology have allowed the development of several RSP-loaded nanocarriers such as polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers.

KEY FINDINGS: This review evaluates these systems according to drug loading efficiency, release kinetics, brain-targeting capacity, and drug administration routes, according to preclinical data. RSP nanoparticles exhibited improved solubility, sustained release, enhanced brain targeting, and decreased systemic toxicity. Intranasal and parenteral routes are additional advantages in enhancing bioavailability and compliance in non-compliant patients. Such formulations provide improved pharmacokinetic profiles and reduce extrapyramidal symptoms.

CONCLUSION: RSP-loaded nanoparticles are a valuable innovation in SZ therapy through enhancing efficacy, minimizing side effects, and improving patient compliance. More clinical studies are warranted to determine their safety, long-term efficacy, and commercial viability for translation into the clinic.

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