Using tiny particle systems to deliver microRNA as new molecular treatments for cancer

Nanotechnology, particularly functionalized lipid nanoparticles, may offer solutions to the challenges of delivering microRNAs for cancer therapy.

• MicroRNAs are known to regulate pathways relevant to cancer but face clinical limitations due to instability and immune activation.
• Lipid-based systems, such as functionalized lipid nanoparticles, are highlighted for their potential to protect and target microRNAs to tumors.
• Key barriers to effective delivery include enzymatic degradation, rapid clearance, and off-target effects, which may be addressed through strategies like PEG coating and ligand-directed targeting.
• Recent preclinical studies show promising antitumor activity and tolerability for several nanoparticle platforms.
• A roadmap prioritizes platform selection and integration with tumor-specific microRNA signatures to enhance personalized therapy.
• Lessons from previous clinical experiences inform the need for rigorous safety assessments and scalable production methods.

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