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Abstract
Early-life nutrition, particularly from human milk oligosaccharides, may shape microbiota composition and enhance brain function.
- Microbial, immune, and neural signals are integrated through the gut-brain immune axis to influence neurodevelopment and disease risk.
- Gut microbiota-derived metabolites are involved in the maturation of immune cells and the production of neurotransmitters.
- Adaptive immune cells in the central nervous system connect peripheral immunity to neuronal responses via specific cytokines.
- Nutritional imbalances could worsen microglial and T cell activity associated with diseases like Multiple Sclerosis and Alzheimer's.
- Diet may play a role in reducing 'inflammaging' by addressing metabolic changes in immune cells as individuals age.
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