Associations between obesity candidate gene polymorphisms (fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO), melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR)) and dietary intake in pregnant women

The A-allele of FTO-rs9939609 is associated with a 13.3% increase in total energy intake during pregnancy.

• The A-allele of FTO-rs9939609 is linked to a -6.5% decrease in the percentage of energy from protein before pregnancy.
• This allele is positively associated with the percentage of energy from carbohydrates before pregnancy.
• The C-allele of MC4R-rs17782313 is associated with a -7.6% decrease in the percentage of energy from protein during pregnancy.
• This allele is also positively associated with the percentage of energy from ultra-processed foods during pregnancy.
• Changes in dietary intake from pre-pregnancy to pregnancy were observed for FTO-rs9939609, MC4R-rs17782313, and LEP-rs7799039.

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