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Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a strong risk factor for hypertension and diabetes.
- OSA is characterized by recurrent upper airway obstruction during sleep, leading to intermittent low oxygen levels and increased sympathetic activity.
- There is a robust association between OSA and cardiometabolic diseases, particularly in individuals who are obese.
- Clinical studies suggest that OSA may play a causal role in hypertension and glucose metabolism impairments, independent of excess weight.
- Women are frequently underdiagnosed and undertreated for OSA, potentially increasing their risk for cardiometabolic issues.
- Treatment of OSA with continuous positive airway pressure has been shown to reduce blood pressure in those with hypertension, though its effects on blood sugar control are less clear.
- Variability in treatment responses may be influenced by differences in OSA presentation and adherence to therapy among diverse populations.
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