Disruption of Cell Structure Balance May Drive Heart Muscle Disease Progression

Cardiomyopathy may be characterized as a multi-organelle network disease driven by dysfunction in interconnected organelles.

• Mitochondrial dysfunction disrupts energy metabolism and calcium handling.
• Golgi fragmentation and impaired glycosylation jeopardize protein maturation and secretion.
• Endoplasmic reticulum stress can lead to myocardial injury through various mechanisms, including calcium dysregulation.
• Autophagic dysfunction and enzyme dysregulation compromise lysosomal degradation.
• Defective ribosome biogenesis and translational dysregulation affect proteostasis.
• Nuclear envelope instability and intercalated disc dysfunction can disrupt mechanical and gene regulation.

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