“Unfolding Parkinson’s Disease Through the Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis”

Parkinson's disease is associated with early non-motor symptoms such as constipation occurring years before motor symptoms.

• Loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra leads to the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
• The gut-brain axis may play a significant role in the development and progression of Parkinson's disease.
• Changes in gut function, such as microbial imbalance and intestinal barrier dysfunction, may precede neurodegeneration.
• The gut microbiota influences neuronal signaling and immune activity through neuroactive molecules.
• Misfolding and accumulation of α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease could be linked to chronic inflammation and gut issues.
• Therapeutic strategies are being explored to restore gut microbial balance to potentially slow disease progression.

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