Association Between Periodontitis and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Two-Sample Mendelian Randomisation Study

May 26, 2024International dental journal

Link Between Gum Disease and Negative Pregnancy Outcomes Using Genetic Analysis

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Abstract

An odds ratio of 1.410 indicates a potential causal relationship between chronic periodontitis and low birthweight.

Chronic periodontitis may be associated with low birthweight (LBW), as suggested by a statistically significant odds ratio.
No causal relationship was observed between periodontitis and pre-term birth, stillbirth, miscarriage, or gestational hypertension.
Heterogeneity testing confirmed the null hypothesis, indicating consistent results across different analytical methods.
Non-significant P-values from most analyses suggest caution in interpreting the findings.

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AIM: This Mendelian randomisation (MR) study endeavoured to delineate the causal relationship between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs), encompassing low birthweight (LBW), pre-term birth (PTB), stillbirth, miscarriage, and gestational hypertension (GH).

METHODS: Utilising genetic instruments for periodontitis (acute and chronic periodontitis) from the Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) database among individuals of European descent, this study explored the causal relationship with adverse pregnancy outcomes, and vice versa. The Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) method was employed as the primary analytical approach to assess causality, with MR-Egger serving as a sensitivity analysis method.

RESULTS: The primary analytical method employed in this study, IVW, did not reveal any impact of periodontitis (acute and chronic periodontitis) on PTB, stillbirth, miscarriage, and gestational hypertension, and vice versa. Heterogeneity testing using the MR-Egger method confirmed the null causal hypothesis, with odds ratios (OR) approximating 1, and P-values exceeding 0.05. Notably, the results from the IVW analysis (OR 1.410, CI 1.039-1.915, P-value 0.028) indicate statistically significant evidence supporting a causal relationship between chronic periodontitis and LBW. However, caution is advised in interpreting the causal relationship, considering the non-significant P-values obtained from other methods.

CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this MR study, the findings do not support the influence of periodontitis on LBW, PTB, stillbirth, miscarriage, and GH, nor vice versa.

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Association Between Periodontitis and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Two-Sample Mendelian Randomisation Study

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