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Perioperative neurocognitive disorders: Advances in molecular mechanisms and bioactive molecules
Understanding brain problems around surgery: New insights into molecular causes and helpful natural compounds
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Abstract
Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) affect a significant number of elderly patients post-surgery, manifesting as memory loss and attention deficits.
- PNDs involve complex interactions between neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter imbalance, and changes in gene expression.
- Microglial activation and interleukin imbalance are noted to play critical roles in the development of PNDs.
- Surgery and anesthesia may disrupt neurotransmitter systems, particularly affecting GABA and NMDA receptors, leading to impaired synaptic plasticity.
- Gut microbiota imbalances are associated with sustained neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits in the context of PNDs.
- Potential therapeutic strategies include the use of bioactive compounds and neuroprotective agents to prevent or treat PNDs.
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