GliaOct 6, 2026

Light Therapy May Improve Alexander Disease by Boosting Cell Cleanup Through Energy Regulation

Longevity & Aging Weekly Brief ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Updated Oct 7, 2026

Abstract

Exposure to 1070-nm infrared light shows therapeutic efficacy in Alexander disease.

Astrocytes from Alexander disease patients exhibit excessive fragmentation of mitochondria.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in these astrocytes is linked to increased inflammation.
Photobiomodulation may improve mitochondrial function and reduce inflammation.
PBM regulates specific cellular signaling pathways related to energy and cell growth.
The treatment promotes the removal of damaged mitochondria and decreases reactive oxygen species.

Simplified

Alexander disease (AxD) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the pathological accumulation of Rosenthal fibers (RFs) and astrocytic inflammation. Despite advances in elucidating its genetic basis, effective therapeutic strategies remain limited. Recent studies indicate that astrocytes in AxD exhibit excessive mitochondrial fragmentation, which may cause mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammatory response. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been shown to improve mitochondrial function and exert anti-inflammatory effects, suggesting it may be a promising candidate for the treatment of AxD. Here, we report that exposure to 1070-nm infrared light exerts therapeutic efficacy in AxD. Specifically, using the astrocytes derived from AxD patients and a mouse model of AxD, we demonstrate that PBM regulates AMPK/mTOR signaling and promotes mitophagy, thereby attenuating reactive oxygen species production from fragmented mitochondria and subsequent inflammatory status. This study suggests PBM may serve as a novel, non-invasive therapeutic approach for the treatment of AxD.

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Light Therapy May Improve Alexander Disease by Boosting Cell Cleanup Through Energy Regulation

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