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Abstract
Essence
Free , especially PEG 2000, improved lipid nanoparticle mucus penetration and short-term frozen stability but did not solve lyophilization aggregation.
Evidence
A formulation/platform experiment tested PEG 400-6000 Da with for mucosal-barrier penetration and storage stability at -20 °C for 4 weeks or during lyophilization.
Caveat
The abstract reports performance and storage assays rather than drug-delivery outcomes in animals or patients, and no PEG formulation prevented aggregation during lyophilization.
Simplified