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Abstract
Advances in structural virology have identified conserved immunodominant antigens that may enhance mpox vaccine design.
- Conserved immunodominant antigens from both mature and extracellular forms of the virus could lead to more effective vaccines.
- Multivalent antigen combinations may induce broad neutralizing antibody responses.
- New delivery technologies like mRNA-lipid nanoparticles and viral vectors are associated with enhanced vaccine safety and immunogenicity.
- Addressing challenges such as antigenic evolution and immune variability is essential for optimizing vaccine effectiveness.
- A framework for next-generation mpox vaccines could strengthen preparedness against future orthopoxvirus outbreaks.
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