Frontiers in psychiatryOct 24, 2026

How cancer patients’ awareness of internal body sensations relates to getting ready for psilocybin therapy

Psychedelic Science Weekly Brief ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗OA ↗

Updated Oct 25, 2026

Abstract

A Phase 2 trial is underway to test whether interoceptive training may influence therapeutic outcomes in psilocybin therapy for patients with cancer.

Cancer patients often experience altered bodily states due to illness and treatment, leading to anxiety and depression.
The quality of the subjective experience during psilocybin therapy—such as acceptance and emotional breakthroughs—is linked to therapeutic benefit.
Current preparation protocols for psilocybin therapy primarily focus on cognitive strategies and mindfulness, neglecting direct engagement with the body.
Two capacities related to bodily awareness are defined: interoception as perception (recognizing bodily signals) and interoceptive engagement (connecting bodily perception to physical and emotional states).
A six-category taxonomy of somatic experiences during psilocybin therapy has been developed, including various forms of bodily awareness.
Receptive and generative practices are proposed to enhance interoceptive abilities in the context of psychedelic therapy.

Simplified

Cancer patients arrive for psilocybin therapy with bodies altered by illness and treatment - bodies that they have learned to brace against, dissociate from, or scan for threat. Research on psilocybin-assisted therapy for cancer-related depression and anxiety consistently identifies the quality of the acute subjective experience - reflected in constructs such as acceptance, surrender, boundlessness, and emotional breakthrough - as a key predictor of therapeutic benefit. Yet most preparation protocols focus on cognitive intention-setting and basic mindfulness while neglecting to address the body directly. We propose that anxiety and depression in this setting may involve a somatic substrate that has not been adequately specified. We distinguish two capacities to 'feel into the body' relevant to psychedelic therapy: interoception as perception (the perceptual access to bottom-up bodily signal) and interoceptive engagement (the broader capacity that links bodily perception to posture, breath, structural intent, and affective stance). We describe a six-category phenomenological taxonomy of somatic experiences in psilocybin therapy (exteroceptive, deep somatic, visceral, vestibular, nociceptive, emergent). We also map receptive practices, designed to improve interoception as perception, and generative practices, designed to improve interoceptive engagement. The framework is grounded in current predictive-coding accounts of interoception, but does not depend on any single neuroscientific model. An ongoing Phase 2 trial of group retreat psilocybin therapy for metastatic cancer patients will provide an initial test of our hypothesis that interoceptive training may influence therapeutic outcomes in psilocybin therapy for patients with cancer.

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How cancer patients’ awareness of internal body sensations relates to getting ready for psilocybin therapy

Abstract

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