Pupils with negative social jetlag in Japan are hypothesised to constitute a discrete population

Dec 1, 2020Medical hypotheses

Students in Japan with negative social jetlag may form a distinct group

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Abstract

A total of 2,722 questionnaires assessed lifestyle habits among pupils with varying levels of social jetlag (SJL).

Pupils with negative SJL (SJL-I) were predominantly male compared to those with minimal SJL (SJL-II).
Physical activity scores were significantly higher in SJL-I than SJL-II, while SJL-III and SJL-IV exhibited significantly lower scores than SJL-II.
Non-school day screen time and sleep duration on non-school nights were significantly lower in SJL-I compared to SJL-II, while SJL-III and SJL-IV had higher values than SJL-II.
After-school activity scores were significantly higher in SJL-I than SJL-II, whereas SJL-III and SJL-IV had lower scores than SJL-II.
The findings suggest that pupils with negative SJL may represent a distinct group with specific characteristics.

AI simplified

Social jetlag (SJL) is the difference between the midpoint time of sleep between weekend and weekday. SJL is experienced by many adolescents and is a matter of concern in public health. In private experiences, pupils who were forced to wake up early on non-school day mornings to engage in hard physical activity and who had little time for sleep on non-school nights were identified. These pupils are supposed to show negative SJL values. However, few studies have described pupils with negative SJL values. The current study aimed to raise a hypothesis that pupils with negative SJL might constitute a discrete population with typical characteristic features. A total of 2,722 questionnaires obtained from pupils in grades 5 to 12 were assessed by the multiple comparison test of the Dunnett method to determine significant differences in the lifestyle habits among SJL categories (SJL-I, <0 h; SJL-II, 0-1 h; SJL-III, 1-2 h; SJL-IV, 2 h or more). Pupils with SJL-I were mostly male compared to those in SJL-II. Physical activity score showed a significantly higher value in SJL-I than SJL-II, while that in SJL-III and SJL-IV revealed significantly lower values than that in SJL-II. Contrarily, non-school day screen time and non-school night sleep duration showed significantly lower values in SJL-I than SJL-II, while those in SJL-III and SJL-IV revealed significantly higher values than those in SJL-II. After-school activity score showed a significantly higher value in SJL-I than SJL-II, while that in SJL-III and SJL-IV revealed lower values than that in SJL-II. At least in Japan, a hypothesis that pupils with negative SJL constitutes a discrete population with typical characteristic features (predominantly male, higher physical activity, and after-school activity scores; less non-school day screen time; and shorter non-school night sleep duration) was raised. Further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.

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Pupils with negative social jetlag in Japan are hypothesised to constitute a discrete population

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