Recent advances in pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine chemistry: synthesis techniques and biological activity

Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine and its derivatives exhibit substantial pharmacological activities, including effects on depression, cancer, and infections.

• These compounds may function as antidepressants, anticancer agents, and antiviral, antifungal, antioxidant, anticoagulant, anti-Alzheimer, and antimicrobial agents.
• They are utilized as herbicides and fungicides, and serve as inhibitors for various kinases and fibroblast growth factor receptors.
• Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines contribute to the development of organic materials, including chemosensors and corrosion inhibitors for mild steel.
• Recent advancements in synthetic methods include metal-catalyst and nanocatalyst approaches, microwave-assisted synthesis, multicomponent reactions, and green chemistry strategies.
• The review covers developments from 2019-2025, focusing on the biological importance and synthetic routes of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines.

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