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Abstract
mRNA therapeutics have broad potential in areas such as vaccination and cancer immunotherapy.
- Challenges in clinical translation of mRNA therapeutics include stability, biodistribution, intracellular delivery efficiency, and biosafety.
- Redox-responsive nanomaterials may enhance mRNA delivery by exploiting physiological intracellular redox compartmentalization or disease-related redox imbalances.
- Different classes of redox-responsive systems include oxidation-responsive, reduction-responsive, and dual-responsive platforms, which are available in polymeric, lipid-based, and hybrid formulations.
- Chemical architectures and responsive motifs can influence intracellular delivery behavior, cargo release, immune compatibility, and therapeutic performance.
- Current translational challenges involve long-term biosafety, repeated administration, immunogenicity, and large-scale manufacturing.
- Emerging opportunities include AI-assisted material design and personalized theranostic applications.
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