Treatments for restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder: a detailed review and quality assessment

The development of this paper was funded by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM). Dr. Trotti serves on the AASM Board of Directors and is Chair of the Guidelines Advisory Panel (GAP), having been the GAP liaison from June 2023 to August 2024. Dr. Shelgikar also serves on the AASM Board of Directors and was the Board liaison for the Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) Task Force. Dr. Zak was the former GAP liaison to the RLS Task Force (September 2021–June 2023) and is currently on the RLS Foundation’s Scientific and Medical Advisory Board (August 2024–present) while also serving on the Executive Board of the International RLS Study Group. Ms. Kazmi and Mr. Carandang are employed by the AASM. Dr. Falck-Ytter is a paid consultant for the AASM and an affiliated member of the United States Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) Network and the Evidence Foundation. Dr. Winkelman has served on the Steering Committee for Luitpold Pharmaceuticals, investigating ferric carboxymaltose for RLS treatment. He was Secretary of the International RLS Study Group (2017–2019) and is its current Chair (2023–present). He also serves on the RLS Foundation’s Scientific and Medical Advisory Board (2013–present) and has consulted for companies including Emalex, Disc Medicine, Haleon, Alexza, Idorsia, and Noctrix Health. He has received research grants from American Regent, National Institute on Drug Abuse, the RLS Foundation, and Merck & Co., among others, for RLS treatment research. Dr. Sharon is a member of the International RLS Study Group’s executive committee, the RLS Foundation’s Scientific and Medical Advisory Board, and served on the Southern Sleep Foundation Board (2013–2019). Dr. Koo is a member of the RLS Foundation’s Scientific and Medical Advisory Board and the National Sleep Foundation’s Sleep Disorders Council. Dr. Berkowski is also on the RLS Foundation’s Scientific and Medical Advisory Board. Dr. Walters was a member of the International RLS Study Group executive committee (2015–2021) and the RLS Foundation’s Scientific and Medical Advisory Board. He has received research grants from Xenoport/Arbor and the National Institutes of Health for studies on RLS. Dr. DelRosso is the Treasurer of the International RLS Study Group (2022–present) and Secretary of the World Sleep Society’s Executive Committee (July 2023–present). No other task force members have relevant conflicts of interest to disclose.