Diabetes, obesity & metabolism

Semaglutide use and risk of sudden optic nerve damage: A Danish-Norwegian population study

Updated

Abstract

Among 44,517 users of semaglutide in Denmark, 32 cases of non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy () were observed, resulting in an incidence rate of 2.19/10,000 person-years.

  • The unadjusted incidence rate of NAION was higher among semaglutide users compared to those using sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) in both Denmark and Norway.
  • In Denmark, the incidence rate for semaglutide users was 2.19/10,000 person-years, compared to 1.18 for SGLT-2i users.
  • In Norway, the rates were 2.90 for semaglutide users and 0.92 for SGLT-2i users.
  • After adjustment, the pooled for NAION among semaglutide users was 2.81, indicating a higher risk compared to SGLT-2is.
  • The incidence rate difference was +1.41 per 10,000 person-years, with estimates consistent across both countries but showing greater variability in Norway.

Simplified

Key numbers

2.81
Increase in Risk
Pooled comparing semaglutide users to SGLT-2is users.
+1.41
Incidence Rate Difference
Incidence rate difference per 10,000 person-years for events.
2.19
Incidence in Denmark
Unadjusted incidence rate of per 10,000 person-years among Danish semaglutide users.

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Funding

Competing interests

Lars Christian Lund has taught a full‐day course in epidemiological methods in drug safety surveillance at Novo Nordisk, with funds paid to the University of Southern Denmark (no personal fees). Vidar Hjellvik reports participation in research projects funded by Novo Nordisk and LEO Pharma, all regulator‐mandated phase IV studies with funds paid to the institution where he is employed (no personal fees), and with no relation to the work reported in this paper. Steffen Hamann has received grants from Rigshospitalet and the VELUX Foundation. None of these grants has any relation to the work reported in this paper. Øystein Kalsnes Jørstad has received a grant from Roche for developing an educational application. He receives royalties from SJJ Solutions for a syringe used in intravitreal injections. He has received consulting fees from SJJ Solutions and Oslo Economics. He has also received lecture fees from Allergan, Bayer, and Chiesi Farmaceutici, as well as support for meetings, travel, and attendance from SJJ Solutions. He holds patents for a needle for intravitreal injections and a glaucoma stent. Jørstad is also a member of the advisory boards for Allergan, Bayer, and Roche. None of these relationships has any relation to the work reported in this paper. Øystein Karlstad reports participation in research projects funded by Sanofi, Bristol Myers Squibb, Novo Nordisk, and LEO Pharma, all regulator‐mandated phase IV studies with funds paid to the institution where he is employed (no personal fees) and with no relation to the work reported in this paper. Anton Pottegård reports participation in research projects funded by Alcon, Almirall, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, Servier, and LEO Pharma, all regulator‐mandated phase IV studies with funds paid to the institution where he is employed (no personal fees). Further, his research group has received one unrestricted grant from Novo Nordisk. None of these grants has any relation to the work reported in this paper. The remaining authors report no conflicts of interest.
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