Use of semaglutide and risk of non‐arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: A Danish–Norwegian cohort study

Mar 18, 2025Diabetes, obesity & metabolism

Semaglutide use and risk of sudden optic nerve damage: A Danish-Norwegian population study

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Abstract

Among 44,517 users of semaglutide in Denmark, 32 cases of non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy () were observed, resulting in an incidence rate of 2.19/10,000 person-years.

  • The unadjusted incidence rate of NAION was higher among semaglutide users compared to those using sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) in both Denmark and Norway.
  • In Denmark, the incidence rate for semaglutide users was 2.19/10,000 person-years, compared to 1.18 for SGLT-2i users.
  • In Norway, the rates were 2.90 for semaglutide users and 0.92 for SGLT-2i users.
  • After adjustment, the pooled for NAION among semaglutide users was 2.81, indicating a higher risk compared to SGLT-2is.
  • The incidence rate difference was +1.41 per 10,000 person-years, with estimates consistent across both countries but showing greater variability in Norway.

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Key numbers

2.81
Increase in Risk
Pooled comparing semaglutide users to SGLT-2is users.
+1.41
Incidence Rate Difference
Incidence rate difference per 10,000 person-years for events.
2.19
Incidence in Denmark
Unadjusted incidence rate of per 10,000 person-years among Danish semaglutide users.

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