Joint association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and body mass index on the acceleration of clinical biomarker-based biological aging

Oct 10, 2025The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences

Combined links of blood vitamin D levels and body weight to faster biological aging

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Abstract

Participants with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations <25.0 nmol/L and BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2 had the highest odds of biological age acceleration, with an odds ratio of 4.096.

  • Individuals with serum 25(OH)D concentrations ≥50.0 nmol/L or normal weight (BMI <25 kg/m2) exhibited the lowest odds of biological age acceleration.
  • The odds of acceleration were 2.387 for those with low vitamin D and high BMI.
  • acceleration was also significantly higher for individuals with low vitamin D and high BMI, with an odds ratio of 4.096.
  • PhenoAge acceleration mediated 11.4% of the relationship between vitamin D levels and all-cause mortality, and 47.1% for BMI.
  • KDM-BA acceleration accounted for 7.41% and 55.2% of the associations with all-cause mortality for vitamin D and BMI, respectively.

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Key numbers

2.387
Increase in Odds of Acceleration
Odds ratio for acceleration in participants with 25()D <25.0 nmol/L and ≥30.0 kg/m².
4.096
Increase in Odds of Acceleration
Odds ratio for acceleration in the same group as above.
11.4%
Mediation Proportion for 25()D
Mediation analysis result for acceleration and 25()D association with all-cause mortality.

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