Sex differences in the efficacy of GLP ‐1 receptor agonists: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of cardiovascular and renal outcome trials

Sep 11, 2025Diabetes, obesity & metabolism

Sex Differences in How GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Affect Heart and Kidney Outcomes

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Abstract

In a meta-analysis of 85,273 patients, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) reduced the risk of composite kidney outcomes by 20% in males and 31% in females.

  • GLP-1RAs decreased the risk of 3-point major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) by 14% in males and 18% in females.
  • Stroke risk was reduced by 21% in males and 25% in females.
  • No significant differences were found between sexes for cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for heart failure.
  • The findings suggest that GLP-1RAs are associated with reduced risks of major cardiovascular, kidney, and cerebrovascular outcomes for both sexes.
  • While some variations were noted between sexes, these did not reach statistical significance.

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Key numbers

20%
Kidney Outcome Risk Reduction (Males)
Risk reduction in composite kidney outcomes for males receiving .
31%
Kidney Outcome Risk Reduction (Females)
Risk reduction in composite kidney outcomes for females receiving .
18%
3-point Risk Reduction (Females)
Risk reduction in 3-point major adverse cardiovascular events for females.

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