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Sex differences in trial representation and the cardiovascular effectiveness of newer glucose‐lowering agents in patients with and without type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials
Sex differences in participation and heart benefits of new blood sugar drugs in people with and without type 2 diabetes
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Abstract
Across 47 articles from 25 unique cardiovascular outcome trials involving more than 185,000 participants, women constituted approximately one-third of trial participants.
- and significantly reduced risks of major adverse cardiovascular events in both men and women.
- In individuals with type 2 diabetes, SGLT-2 inhibitors decreased the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events by 13% in men and had similar effects in women.
- GLP-1 receptor agonists reduced the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events by 11% in men and 17% in women with type 2 diabetes.
- No significant sex differences were found in the pooled analysis of treatment effects, although some cardiovascular benefits may be slightly greater in women.
- The underrepresentation of women in cardiovascular outcome trials raises concerns regarding the generalizability of findings.
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Key numbers
32 238 of 90 413
Women Representation in Trials
Women accounted for 35.7% of participants in SGLT-2 trials.
0.87
Risk Reduction with SGLT-2is
Hazard ratio for in men with T2D receiving SGLT-2is.
0.89
Risk Reduction with GLP-1RAs
Hazard ratio for in men with T2D receiving GLP-1RAs.