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Investigation of the effects of Si-A/PUE@HA hydrogels on the osteochondral defect microenvironment based on single-cell RNA sequencing
Effects of Si-A/PUE@HA hydrogels on damaged bone and cartilage environments studied by single-cell RNA sequencing
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Abstract
Si-A/PUE@HA hydrogels demonstrated high cell viability and significant expression of chondrogenic markers in vitro.
- Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) showed high proliferation rates when cultured in Si-A/PUE@HA hydrogels.
- The hydrogels promoted the expression of chondrogenic markers including Acan, Sox9, and Col2a1.
- An anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage phenotype was stimulated, which may enhance tissue regeneration.
- In vivo analysis indicated substantial new tissue formation and integration with existing cartilage.
- Excellent biocompatibility was observed with no significant adverse effects in major organs over a 12-week period.
- Single-cell RNA sequencing suggested a favorable immune microenvironment and increased chondrogenesis associated with hydrogel treatment.
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Key numbers
Acan, Sox9, Col2a1
Increase in Chondrogenic Markers
Key markers associated with cartilage formation.
12 weeks
Substantial New Tissue Formation
Timepoint for evaluating tissue integration and regeneration.
M1 to M2
Shift
Change in macrophage phenotype due to treatment.