The Skin Microbiome in Rosacea: Mechanisms, Gut-Skin Interactions, and Therapeutic Implications

Rosacea is associated with an increase in proinflammatory microbial species and a decline in protective ones.

• The condition involves immune dysregulation, genetic factors, and issues with the skin's barrier.
• Both gut and skin microbiomes may influence skin inflammation and disease severity.
• Proinflammatory species like Demodex folliculorum and Staphylococcus epidermidis are more prevalent in rosacea patients.
• Protective species such as Cutibacterium acnes are found in reduced numbers in affected individuals.
• Current treatments aim to restore microbial balance to reduce inflammation and improve skin barrier function.
• Future research could focus on precision treatments targeting specific microbial and immune pathways.

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