Understanding the Complexity of Sleep Disturbances in ASD: From Mechanisms to Management

50-80% of children with autism spectrum disorder experience significant sleep disturbances.

• Sleep disturbances in children with autism include insomnia, parasomnias, and sleep-related movement and breathing disorders.
• Common symptoms are prolonged sleep latency, frequent awakenings, reduced total sleep time, and changes in sleep patterns.
• Circadian rhythm disruptions and abnormalities in neurotransmitter systems like GABA and serotonin are frequently involved.
• Genetic and metabolic factors may influence sleep disturbances by affecting circadian clock regulation and brain function.
• Management strategies encompass behavioral approaches, caregiver education, sleep hygiene, and potentially pharmacological options like melatonin.

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