Sleep and the Mediterranean diet: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Mar 13, 2025Sleep medicine reviews

How Sleep Is Linked to the Mediterranean Diet: A Review and Analysis

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Abstract

A total of 328,493 participants were analyzed to assess the relationship between sleep factors and adherence to the Mediterranean diet.

Individuals with sufficient sleep duration had 39% higher odds of achieving high Mediterranean diet scores compared to those with insufficient sleep.
Good-quality sleep was associated with 38% higher odds of high Mediterranean diet scores versus poor-quality sleep.
An earlier chronotype was linked to 74% higher odds of high Mediterranean diet scores compared to a later chronotype.
Sleep duration, sleep quality, and chronotype are identified as lifestyle-related factors associated with Mediterranean diet adherence.
Further longitudinal studies and clinical trials are needed to clarify causality and underlying mechanisms.

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We conducted the current systematic review and meta-analysis to critically review and synthesize available evidence regarding the association between sleep duration, sleep quality, and chronotype with the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) among the general population using observational studies. Online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science, were searched from the earliest available date until December 2024. We enrolled 62 studies with a total sample size of 328,493. The mean age and BMI of the participants in the enrolled studies ranged from 6.1 to 74.7 years and 18.1-32.1 kg/m. Individuals with sufficient sleep duration (OR: 1.39; 95 % CI, 1.04, 1.85; P = 0.030; I = 97.89 %, P< 0.001), good-quality sleep (OR: 1.38; 95 % CI, 1.10, 1.73; P < 0.001; I = 93.83 %, P< 0.001), and earlier chronotype (OR: 1.74; 95 % CI, 1.21, 2.50; P = 0.002; I = 89.72 %, P< 0.001) had significantly increased odds of high MedDiet scores, compared to those with insufficient sleep duration, poor-quality sleep, and later chronotype, respectively. Our study revealed that sleep duration, sleep quality, and chronotype are lifestyle-related factors linked to MedDiet. However, more longitudinal studies and clinical trials are needed to investigate causality, mediating factors, and underlying mechanisms. 2 2 2 2Q-test Q-test Q-test

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Sleep and the Mediterranean diet: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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