Association of Snoring and Daytime Sleepiness With Subsequent Incident Hypertension: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Sep 4, 2024Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)

Snoring and daytime sleepiness linked to later high blood pressure in a large population study

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Abstract

Among 34,727 participants, the incidence of treated hypertension was 3.8% during a median follow-up of 3.1 years.

Self-reported habitual snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness are linked to a higher risk of developing hypertension.
Habitual snoring is associated with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.17 for incident hypertension.
Excessive daytime sleepiness has a stronger association, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.42 for incident hypertension.
The risk of developing hypertension increases with the frequency of snoring and daytime sleepiness, indicating a dose-dependent relationship.
These findings suggest that identifying snoring and sleepiness could be beneficial for hypertension prevention strategies.

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BACKGROUND: There is a strong association between obstructive sleep apnea and hypertension, but the effects of obstructive sleep apnea symptoms on the risk of incident hypertension are not well documented. The aim of this prospective study was to examine whether snoring and sleepiness are associated with incident hypertension.

METHODS: Data from the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort were analyzed. Normotensive participants, aged 18 to 69 years, were included between 2012 and 2016 and screened for snoring, morning fatigue, and daytime sleepiness in 2017 using items of the Berlin Questionnaire. We used Cox models, adjusted for multiple potential confounders, including body mass index, baseline blood pressure, sleep duration, and depressive symptoms, to compute hazards ratios of incidentally treated hypertension.

RESULTS: Among 34 727 subjects, the prevalence of self-reported habitual snoring, morning fatigue, and excessive daytime sleepiness (≥3× a week for each) was 23.6%, 16.6%, and 19.1%, respectively. During a median follow-up of 3.1 years (interquartile range, 3.0-3.5), the incidence of treated hypertension was 3.8%. The risk of de novo treated hypertension was higher in participants who reported habitual snoring (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.03-1.32]) and excessive daytime sleepiness (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.24-1.62]), and increased with the weekly frequency of symptoms, with a dose-dependent relationship (≤0.02 for all symptoms). P trend

CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness are associated with an increased risk of developing hypertension. Identification of snoring and daytime sleepiness may be a useful public health screening tool in primary care for hypertension prevention.

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Association of Snoring and Daytime Sleepiness With Subsequent Incident Hypertension: A Population-Based Cohort Study

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