How Social Factors Relate to Long COVID in US Children

Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Kleinman reported grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) during the conduct of the study; serving as a board member for Dartnet Institute, Anshe Emeth Memorial Temple, and Metuchen outside the submitted work; and stock ownership in GSK, Regeneron, Sanofi, and Amgen. Dr Gallagher reported grants from the NIH during the conduct of the study. Dr Warburton reported grants from the NIH during the conduct of the study and outside the submitted work. Dr Snowden reported personal fees from Pfizer (COVID vaccine advisory board membership), now terminated, not related to this work, outside the submitted work. Dr Stockwell reported personal fees from RTI for administrative functions related to the NIH RECOVER Initiative; and a service agreement paid for role as Associate Director of the American Academy of Pediatrics’ Pediatric Research in Office Settings to the trustees of Columbia University outside the submitted work. Dr Flaherman reported grants from the NIH and personal fees from Research Triangle International during the conduct of the study. Dr Teufel reported program support for trial from Sanofi, Enanta, and Moderna outside the submitted work. Dr Chung reported grants from the NIH during the conduct of the study. Dr Hockett reported grants from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) during the conduct of the study. Dr A. Krishnan reported grants from the NIH during the conduct of the study. Dr McCormack reported grants from the NIH during the conduct of the study. Dr Nabower reported grants from the NIH during the conduct of the study as well as personal fees from Aquifer (honoraria for serving as associate editor) outside the submitted work. Dr Rosas reported grants from the NIH during the conduct of the study. Dr Szmuszkovicz reported grants from the NIH RECOVER project during the conduct of the study. Dr Carmilani reported serving as the volunteer president of Long Covid Families, a nonprofit organization that supports children affected by long COVID; Long Covid Families has received sponsorship funding from Moderna; Dr Carmilani did not receive any personal financial benefit from this sponsorship. Dr Wood reported grants from the NIH during the conduct of the study as well as personal fees from Agios (consulting), Bristol Meyers Squibb (consulting), Hiillhurst Pharmaceuticals (data safety monitoring board and consulting), Regeneron (advisory board), Chiesi (educational session), and Pharmacosmos (consulting) outside the submitted work. Dr Milner reported grants from Pharming and personal fees from 1E Therapeutics, Amgen, and Sobi outside the submitted work. Dr Irby reported grants from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) during the conduct of the study. Dr Lamendola-Essel reported grants from the NIH during the conduct of the study. Dr Katz reported grants from the NIH during the conduct of the study. Dr Foulkes reported grants from the NIH during the conduct of the study and personal fees from RoundTable outside the submitted work. Dr Gross reported grants from the NIH (to institution) during the conduct of the study and grants (to institution) from the NIH and the US Department of Agriculture outside the submitted work. Dr Aschner reported grants from the NIH during the conduct of the study. Dr Elliott reported grants from the NIH during the conduct of the study. Dr Faustino reported grants from the NIH during the conduct of the study. Dr Fiks reported salary support from the American Academy of Pediatrics for work as Pediatric Research in Office Setting Director, travel support for participation in the JAMA Pediatrics Editorial Board from the American Medical Association, honoraria for grand rounds from Atlantic Health Systems and Children’s Specialized Hospital, honoraria for Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) project advisory board from Boston Medical Center, honoraria for participation in an advisory panel related to the National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network from Duke Clinical Research Institute, honoraria from Emory for Grand Rounds and another visit, grants from the NIH and PCORI, personal fees from Penn State (consulted on an NIH-funded project) and the University of California, Los Angeles (consultant on an NIH-funded project), honoraria for an invited lecture from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and research support to research team for a teen driving project from NJM Insurance outside the submitted work. Dr Hester reported grants from the NIH during the conduct of the study as well as grants from Exact Sciences, Genentech, DELFI Diagnostics, Abbott Diabetes Care, GSK, Amgen, Takeda, and PCORI outside the submitted work. Dr Kaelber reported grants from the NIH during the conduct of the study. Dr McCulloh reported grants from the NIH during the conduct of the study as well as personal fees from Pfizer for serving on a data monitoring committee and from Immutrix for serving as member of the board of directors outside the submitted work. Dr Oliveira reported grants from the NIH during the conduct of the study. Dr Pace reported grants from the NIH during the conduct of the study as well as grants from Boehringer Ingelheim and AstraZeneca outside the submitted work. Dr Palumbo reported grants from the NIH during the conduct of the study. Dr Raissy reported grants from the NIH during the conduct of the studyDr Reyes Santos reported grants from Hackensack Meridian Health during the conduct of the study. Dr Selvarangan reported grants from Biomerieux, Cepheid, Hologic, Meridian, Abbott, Diasorin, Qiagen, and Altona outside the submitted work. Dr Zani reported grants from the NIH during the conduct of the study. Dr Zempsky reported grants from the NIH during the conduct of the study as well as personal fees from Haleon and stock options from OmmioHealth outside the submitted work. Dr Metz reported grants from the NIH during the conduct of the study as well as grants from Pfizer as a site principal investigator for a study of administration of Paxlovid in pregnancy for mild to moderate COVID-19 and grants from Moderna and Pfizer as a site principal investigator for a study of an RSV vaccine during pregnancy outside the submitted work. Dr Newburger reported grants from the NHLBI during the conduct of the study as well as grants from Pfizer and the NHLBI Pediatric Heart Network grant on sequelae of vaccine myocarditis (CAMP study) and grants from NHLBI (MUSIC study) on the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children outside the submitted work. Dr Truong reported grants from the NIH during the conduct of the study as well as grants from Pfizer as co–principal investigator for a study on long-term follow-up of COVID-19 vaccine–associated myocarditis funded by Pfizer outside the submitted work. Dr Feldman reported grants from the NIH during the conduct of the study as well as grants from Bristol Myers Squibb (related to social determinants of health but unrelated to long COVID) outside the submitted work. Dr Barch reported grants from the National Institute of Mental Health and the National Institute on Drug Abuse during the conduct of the study. Dr Dale reported other from Cortechs Labs (equity holder, director) outside the submitted work. Dr Ernst reported grants from the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the NIH during the conduct of the study as well as grants from the NIH and personal fees from the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (Magnetic Resonance in Medicine deputy editor) outside the submitted work. Dr Fair reported other from Turing Medical (Founder and equity holder) outside the submitted work. Dr Friedman reported grants from the NIH during the conduct of the study. Dr Gray reported grants from Aelis Farma (site principal investigator of multisite trial) and consulting fees from Achieve Life Sciences and Indivior outside the submitted work. Dr Lisdahl reported grants from the NIH during the conduct of the study. Dr Luciana reported grants from the NIH to the University of Minnesota to fund data collection during the conduct of the study and for research outside the submitted work. Dr McGlade reported grants from the NIH during the conduct of the study. Dr Wilson reported grants from the NIH during the conduct of the study and outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported.