International journal of biological macromoleculesAug 3, 2026

Structure and anti-aging effects of two sugar compounds from Trillium tschonoskii and how their structures relate to their activity

Longevity & Aging Weekly Brief ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Updated Aug 4, 2026

Abstract

Two novel polysaccharides, TTP-A1 (5.19 kDa) and TTP-B1 (22.93 kDa), were isolated from Trillium tschonoskii.

TTP-A1 is identified as an α-(1→4)-glucan, while TTP-B1 is a highly branched type II arabinogalactan.
Both polysaccharides demonstrated significant antioxidant and anti-aging activities in vitro and in vivo.
TTP-B1 showed superior efficacy compared to TTP-A1 in various oxidative stress parameters, including free radical scavenging and telomere length maintenance.
Bioactivity of the polysaccharides is associated with factors such as molecular weight, degree of branching, and monosaccharide composition.

Simplified

This study aimed to elucidate the fine structural characteristics of polysaccharides from Trillium tschonoskii and to investigate the structure-activity relationships underlying their anti-aging effects. Using ultrasound-assisted extraction followed by column chromatographic purification, two novel and structurally distinct homogeneous polysaccharides, designated TTP-A1 and TTP-B1, were successfully isolated. Spectroscopic and chromatographic analyses revealed that TTP-A1 (5.19 kDa) is an α-(1 → 4)-glucan, whereas TTP-B1 (22.93 kDa) is a highly branched type II arabinogalactan. In vitro antioxidant assays and in vivo zebrafish oxidative stress models demonstrated that both polysaccharides exhibited significant antioxidant and anti-aging activities, with the structurally more complex TTP-B1 showing superior efficacy to TTP-A1 in free radical scavenging, SOD activation, MDA reduction, and telomerase preservation, and telomere length maintenance. Comparative analysis further illustrated that polysaccharide bioactivity was closely associated with molecular weight, degree of branching, monosaccharide composition, and higher-order conformation. These findings provide a scientific basis for the development of T. tschonoskii polysaccharides as potential anti-aging functional ingredients.

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Structure and anti-aging effects of two sugar compounds from Trillium tschonoskii and how their structures relate to their activity

Abstract

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