The prevalence of (SHS) among Chinese middle school students is 10.3%.
A high prevalence of anxiety (30.7%) and depression (34.1%) was observed among the students.
There is a strong correlation between SHS and , indicating that increased anxiety and depression may lead to higher chances of SHS.
Scores for SHS were significantly higher in students with depression and anxiety compared to those without these symptoms.
Sleeping 6-8 hours is associated with a lower risk of SHS compared to sleeping less than 6 hours.
The findings suggest that addressing sleep duration may help mitigate SHS among adolescents.
Simplified
BACKGROUND: (SHS) is an intermediate status between ideal heath and illness, it is characterized by the perception of health complaints, general weakness, decreased immunity and low energy. An increasing number of Chinese middle school students are suffering from (PS), particularly anxiety and depression. The relationship between SHS and PS is unclear in adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of SHS and the correlation between SHS and PS among Chinese middle school students and to identify the SHS-related risk factors from the perspective of public health.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with the cluster sampling method among 1955 middle school students in Shantou, China. SHS was assessed by Suboptimal Health Status Questionnaire-25 (SHSQ-25). And the PS of anxiety and depression were assessed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and Beck Depression Inventory-II Scale (BDI-II) self-assessment questionnaires. Variate logistic analysis was applied to explore risk factors of SHS. The relationship between SHS and PS among Chinese middle school students was subsequently analyzed.
RESULTS: Among the 1955 participants, 1904 middle school students were finally included in the analysis, the effective response rate was 97.39%. The prevalence of SHS was 10.3% (197/1904) while the prevalence of anxiety and depression was 30.7% (585/1904) and 34.1% (649/1904), respectively. A strong correlation was identified between SHS and PS among middle school students. With the aggravation of anxiety and depression, the probability of suffering from SHS increased (both P<0.01). The scores for various dimensions of SHS among the depression and anxiety groups were higher compared to those of the non-depression and non-anxiety groups (all P<0.01 ). Multivariate regression showed that compared with sleeping less than six hours, 6-8 h is a protective factor for SHS (OR = 0.486, 95%CI = 0.278-0.851).
CONCLUSIONS: Attention should be given to SHS and PS in Chinese middle school students, as they are strongly associated. Lack of sleep is a risk factor for SHS, so sufficient sleep should be recommended to prevent it. Identifying additional risk factors and promoting adequate sleep will improve adolescent health.
Key numbers
10.3%
Prevalence of
Among 1904 surveyed students, 197 reported .
30.7%
Prevalence of anxiety
585 out of 1904 students reported anxiety symptoms.
34.1%
Prevalence of depression
649 out of 1904 students reported depression symptoms.
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Declarations Consent for publication Not Applicable. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics approval and consent to participant This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shantou University Medical School (No. SUMC-2022-076) and we had also obtained the consent of participants and their parents or legal guardians. Before filling out the questionnaire, participants voluntarily signed an informed consent form.
