Immunosenescence is characterized by a range of immune cell dysfunctions, including telomere shortening and increased inflammation.
Immunosenescence involves several factors, such as halted cell division and mitochondrial dysfunction.
This phenomenon is primarily observed during aging but can also arise from chronic infections and metabolic conditions.
T-cells are particularly vulnerable to immunosenescence, which is linked to diseases like obesity and diabetes.
Recent findings indicate a connection between , inflammation, and insulin resistance.
Senescent T-cells may play a significant role in the development of metabolic diseases through their inflammatory effects.
Simplified
Immunosenescence denotes a state of dysregulated immune cell function characterized by a confluence of factors, including arrested cell cycle, telomere shortening, markers of cellular stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of proteostasis, epigenetic reprogramming, and secretion of proinflammatory mediators. This state primarily manifests during the aging process but can also be induced in various pathological conditions, encompassing chronic viral infections, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic disorders. Age-associated immune system alterations extend to innate and adaptive immune cells, with T-cells exhibiting heightened susceptibility to immunosenescence. In particular, senescent T-cells have been identified in the context of metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Recent investigations suggest a direct link between , inflammation, and insulin resistance. The perturbation of biological homeostasis by senescent T-cells appears intricately linked to the initiation and progression of metabolic diseases, particularly through inflammation-mediated insulin resistance. Consequently, senescent T-cells are emerging as a noteworthy therapeutic target. This review aims to elucidate the intricate relationship between metabolic diseases and T-cell senescence, providing insights into the potential roles of senescent T-cells in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. Through a comprehensive examination of current research findings, this review seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between immunosenescence and metabolic health.
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CONFLICTS OF INTEREST . Hyon-Seung Yi has been associate editor of the Diabetes & Metabolism Journal since 2022. He was not involved in the review process of this article. Otherwise, there was no conflict of interest.
