Immune response, side effects, and safety of seven COVID-19 vaccines given as fifth or later booster doses in healthy adults

Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Charlie McLeod reports financial support was provided by Australian Government Medical Research Future Fund. Peter Richmond reports financial support was provided by Australian Government Medical Research Future Fund. Tom Snelling reports financial support was provided by Snow Medical Research Foundation. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. KF is a member of the Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (ATAGI), which advises the government on vaccine policy, and TS was a member until 2023. Their involvement as investigators on this trial has been declared to ATAGI. MP is involved in an ovarian cancer clinical trial that received funding from AstraZeneca. SNF leads the UK National Institute for Health and Care Research funded trial of third and fourth dose COVID-19 boosters. SNF acts on behalf of University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK as an Investigator and/or providing consultative advice on clinical trials and studies of vaccines funded or sponsored by vaccine manufacturers including Moderna, Sanofi, Janssen, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Novavax, Seqirus, Medimmune, Merck and Valneva vaccines and antimicrobials. PR reports acting on behalf of University of Western Australia, as an Investigator and/or providing consultative advice on clinical trials and studies of vaccines funded or sponsored by vaccine manufacturers including Moderna, Sanofi, Janssen, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Novavax, Seqirus, Merck and Clover Biopharmaceutical vaccines. HSM is an investigator on clinical vaccine trials funded by Industry. Her institution receives funding for investigator led research from Sanofi, Pfizer, Seqirus, and Moderna. UW is an Investigator for industry sponsored clinical vaccine trials and has received travel support to attend meetings (not related to this study). They receive no personal financial payment for this work. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.