How evening habits and insomnia relate to daytime sleepiness, depression, and suicidal thoughts in teenagers over 3 years

The prevalence of insomnia increased from 29.2% to 40.8% over three years among 414 Chinese adolescents.

• Eveningness prevalence remained stable, with 19.3% at baseline and 22.5% at follow-up.
• Among adolescents identified as evening-type at baseline, 46.2% continued to be evening-type at follow-up.
• 64.5% of adolescents with insomnia at baseline experienced persistent insomnia by follow-up.
• Stable, incident, and resolved eveningness were linked to excessive daytime sleepiness, while only persistent and incident insomnia increased this risk.
• Persistent and incident insomnia, along with stable eveningness, were independently connected to higher levels of depression at follow-up.
• Only persistent and incident insomnia were associated with increased suicidal ideation, not eveningness.

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