Thermosensitive Resiquimod-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles Promote the Polarization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages to Enhance Bladder Cancer Immunotherapy

R848/DTPA@DSPE-PEG nanoparticles with laser irradiation can significantly suppress bladder tumor growth and activate immune responses.

• R848/DTPA@DSPE-PEG nanoparticles demonstrate good photothermal conversion efficiency and safety.
• Laser irradiation at 635 nm can damage bladder cancer cells and induce immunogenic cell death in vitro.
• These nanoparticles promote M1-like macrophage polarization and dendritic cell maturation when tested in vitro.
• In vivo, R848/DTPA@DSPE-PEG nanoparticles suppress both subcutaneous and orthotopic bladder tumor growth.
• The treatment enhances CD8+ T lymphocyte infiltration and reduces M2-like macrophage polarization in tumors.
• Combining R848/DTPA@DSPE-PEG nanoparticles with a PD-1 antibody may improve antitumor effects and extend survival.

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