Declaration of interests WTG has served as a consultant on advisory boards for Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Fractyl Health, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inogen, and Merck, and as a site principal investigator for multicentred clinical trials sponsored by his university and funded by Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly and Company, Epitomee, Neurovalens, and Pfizer. JPF has received research funding (paid to his institution) from Akero, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, 89bio, Eli Lilly and Company, Intercept, IONIS, Janssen, Madrigal, Metacrine, Merck, NorthSea Therapeutics, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Oramed, Pfizer, Poxel, and Sanofi; has received consulting fees from Akero, Altimmune, Boehringer Ingelheim, Carmot Therapeutics, Echosens, 89bio, Eli Lilly and Company, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, and Sanofi; has received speaker bureau honoraria from Eli Lilly and Company and travel support for attending meetings from Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, and Sanofi; has served on advisory boards for Altimmune, Becton Dickenson, Boehringer Ingelheim, Carmot Therapeutics, Eli Lilly and Company, Gilead, Intercept, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, and Sanofi; and has served on the board of directors for T1D Exchange. AMJ reports grants or contracts (through her institution) from Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly and Company, Rhythm Pharmaceutical, and National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; consults for Amgen and Scholar Rock; has received honoraria or travel support from Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, and WeightWatchers, and stock options from Intellihealth; and serves on advisory boards for AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Biohaven, Eli Lilly and Company, Intellihealth, Novo Nordisk, Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Structure Therapeutics, Terns Pharmaceutics, and WeightWatchers. CWlR reports grants from the Irish Research Council, Science Foundation Ireland, Anabio, and the Health Research Board. He serves on advisory boards and speakers’ panels of Novo Nordisk, Herbalife, GI Dynamics, Eli Lilly and Company, Johnson & Johnson, Glia, Irish Life Health, and Boehringer Ingelheim; is a member of the Irish Society for Nutrition and Metabolism outside the area of work commented on here; was the chief medical officer and director of the Medical Device Division of Keyron in 2021 (both unremunerated positions); is a previous investor in Keyron; was gifted stock holdings and divested all stock holdings in Keyron in September, 2021; continues to provide scientific advice to Keyron for no remuneration; and provides obesity clinical care in the Beyond BMI clinic and is a shareholder. NS has received grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Novartis; a grant from Roche Diagnostics; and personal fees from Abbott Laboratories, Afimmune, Amgen, Eli Lilly and Company, Hanmi Pharmaceuticals, Janssen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, and Sanofi, outside of the submitted work. SZ, HM, NNA, MCB, IB, and XMZ are employees and shareholders of Eli Lilly and Company.
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