Adding common non-insulin therapies to insulin in adult type 1 diabetes was associated with lower insulin dose, , and weight.
Evidence
This single-center retrospective cohort study included 110 adults with type 1 diabetes receiving metformin, GLP-1 RA or GLP-1/GIP RA, or combination therapy for at least 3 months.
Caveat
The insulin-dose reduction was modest, retrospective, and of unclear clinical significance, with hypoglycemia seen in 76% of patients.
Simplified
: There are few studies that have assessed the utility of metformin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) in type 1 diabetes (), specifically looking at glucose control indices. These studies have largely evaluated the impact of agents within the class that are not routinely used. Limited data exist on the use of the dual glucagon-like peptide-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor agonist (GLP-1/GIP RA) in T1D. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of this growing practice in utilizing these common non-insulin therapies in T1D.: This single-center, retrospective cohort study evaluated adult patients with T1D who received standard insulin therapy plus the following non-insulin therapies for at least 3 months: metformin; GLP-1 RA or GLP-1/GIP RA; or metformin and a GLP-1 RA or GLP-1/GIP RA (combination group). Data points were collected on starting dates of the first and second (if applicable) non-insulin agents, and the first office visit of at least 3 months on maximum tolerated doses. The primary endpoint was change in total daily insulin dose (TDD). Secondary and safety endpoints were evaluated in , weight, and hypoglycemia.: A total of 110 of 366 patients met inclusion criteria. Changes in average insulin TDD were +4.06, -5.9 and -6.9 units for the metformin, GLP-1RA or GLP-1/GIP RA, and combination groups respectively (P =0.013). TDD after non-insulin therapy addition decreased in all patients on average 3.54 units (P =0.02). Non-insulin therapies showed a significant decrease in A1c by 0.62%, weight by 3.8kg, and hypoglycemia was seen in 76% of patients.: Non-insulin therapies added to standard insulin therapy in T1D resulted in decreased insulin requirement, increased glycemic control, and decreased body weight. While statistically significant, it remains unclear if the decreased insulin requirement is clinically significant. Further prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings. Purpose Methods Results Conclusions
Key numbers
3.54 units
Decrease in
Average change in after adding non-insulin therapies.
0.62%
Decrease in
Overall decrease in average after non-insulin therapies were added.
3.8 kg
Average Weight Loss
Overall average decrease in body weight with non-insulin therapies.
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