Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes, CAR-, and T-Cell Receptor-Modified T Cells in Solid Cancer Oncology

Adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) aims to enhance T-cell antitumor immune response but has shown limited success in solid cancers.

• Current ACT approaches include tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and genetically modified T cells.
• Modest clinical responses have been observed in refractory solid cancers, with durable effects seen in only a small fraction of patients.
• Emerging strategies in ACT focus on improving efficacy through local delivery methods and integrating predictive biomarkers for patient selection.
• Combination therapies may help to counteract the immunosuppressive environment of tumors.
• Targeting multiple tumor antigens could reduce the risk of tumor antigen escape.
• Innovative technologies, such as gene editing, may enhance T-cell functions and minimize therapy-related toxicity.

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