Increased ultra-processed food consumption is associated with worsening of cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with metabolic syndrome: Longitudinal analysis from a randomized trial

Jun 21, 2023Atherosclerosis

Higher ultra-processed food intake linked to worsening heart and metabolism health in adults with metabolic syndrome

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Abstract

In a study of 5,373 adults with metabolic syndrome, higher ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption was associated with increased cardiometabolic risk factors over 12 months.

Higher UPF consumption was linked to an increase in weight (1.09 kg) compared to lower consumption.
A positive association was observed between UPF intake and BMI, with an increase of 0.39 kg/m².
Waist circumference increased by 1.03 cm with higher UPF consumption.
Diastolic blood pressure rose by 0.67 mm Hg in those consuming more UPF.
Fasting blood glucose levels were higher by 1.66 mg/dl for individuals in the highest UPF consumption quartile.
Triglyceride levels increased by 6.79 mg/dl associated with higher UPF intake.

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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The association between changes in ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors remains understudied. We evaluated the association between changes in UPF consumption over 12 months of follow-up and changes in CMR factors in adults diagnosed with metabolic syndrome.

METHODS: We analysed data from 5373 adults (aged 55-75 years) participating in the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Diet was evaluated at baseline, 6- and 12-month visits using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and UPF consumption (in grams/day and percentage of total daily dietary intake in grams) was categorized based on NOVA classification. We used mixed-effects linear models with repeated measurements at baseline, 6 and 12 months of follow-up to assess the associations between changes in UPF consumption and changes in CMR factors adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyles variables.

RESULTS: In multivariable-adjusted models, when comparing the highest versus the lowest quartile of UPF consumption, positive associations were found for several CMR factors: weight (kg, β = 1.09; 95% confidence interval 0.91 to 1.26); BMI (kg/m, β = 0.39; 0.33 to 0.46); waist circumference (cm, β = 1.03; 0.81 to 1.26); diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg, β = 0.67; 0.29 to 1.06); fasting blood glucose (mg/dl, β = 1.66; 0.61 to 2.70); HbA1c (%, β = 0.04; 0.01 to 0.07); triglycerides (mg/dl, β = 6.79; 3.66 to 9.91) and triglycerides and glucose index (β = 0.06; 0.04 to 0.08). 2

CONCLUSIONS: Higher UPF consumption was associated with adverse evolution in objectively measured CMR factors after 12 months of follow-up in adults with metabolic syndrome. Further research is needed to explore whether these changes persist for longer periods.

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Increased ultra-processed food consumption is associated with worsening of cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with metabolic syndrome: Longitudinal analysis from a randomized trial

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