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Ultrasound-responsive piezoelectric hydrogel attenuates oxidative stress-induced nucleus pulposus senescence via AMPK-FOXO1a-mediated mitophagy for intervertebral disc regeneration
Ultrasound-activated gel reduces cell aging from oxidative stress by boosting energy cleanup processes to help regenerate spinal discs
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Abstract
TT@P-Gel significantly improved the disc height index and Pfirrmann score in a rat model of intervertebral disc degeneration.
- The progression of intervertebral disc degeneration is linked to the senescence of nucleus pulposus cells driven by oxidative stress.
- TT@P-Gel enables dual therapy through electrical stimulation and controlled drug release using nanoparticles loaded with tannic acid and TGF-β.
- In vitro, TT@P-Gel facilitates the release of TGF-β and tannic acid, which may reduce oxidative stress and restore mitochondrial function in senescent cells.
- TT@P-Gel activates specific cellular signaling pathways that promote mitochondrial health and eliminate defective mitochondria.
- In vivo findings indicate that TT@P-Gel reduces senescence markers, suggesting potential benefits for treating intervertebral disc degeneration.
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