Research on the mechanism of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles in the treatment of common reproductive diseases

Nov 22, 2025Stem cell research & therapy

How Umbilical Cord Stem Cells and Their Tiny Particles May Help Treat Common Reproductive Diseases

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Regenerative Health on OpenScience ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗OA ↗

Abstract

Stem cell therapy using human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) may address reproductive system disorders that contribute to infertility.

hUC-MSCs exhibit robust proliferative capacity and potent immunomodulatory effects.
(EVs) from hUC-MSCs demonstrate therapeutic effects similar to the stem cells themselves.
These cells may help restore fertility by reducing oxidative stress and promoting anti-inflammatory factors.
hUC-MSCs are associated with higher tumorigenicity and lower infusion efficiency compared to EVs.
EVs could potentially serve as a primary alternative therapy for reproductive disorders.

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Reproductive system disorders significantly contribute to infertility, and traditional or conventional treatments often have limited efficacy in addressing this issue. In recent years, stem cell therapy has emerged as an alternative therapeutic strategy owing to its various advantages. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) are pivotal in tissue repair owing to their robust proliferative capacity, potent immunomodulatory effects, low immunogenicity, and paracrine actions. (EVs), the primary mediators of paracrine functions, exhibit therapeutic effects similar to those of hUC-MSCs. Consequently, numerous researchers have investigated the application of hUC-MSCs and their EVs in treating reproductive disorders. These cells have the potential to restore fertility by mitigating oxidative stress, excessive autophagy, and ferroptosis in tissues, while promoting the expression of anti-inflammatory factors and vascular remodeling. However, hUC-MSCs present significant limitations compared to EVs, including higher tumorigenicity and low infusion efficiency. Consequently, EVs may emerge as the primary alternative therapy, while hUC-MSCs hold promise as a therapeutic option with potential applications in regenerative medicine.

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Research on the mechanism of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles in the treatment of common reproductive diseases

Abstract

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