The weighted obesity prevalence among postmenopausal women was 44.05%.
The highest quartile of the uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (UHR) is associated with significantly increased obesity risks.
For -defined obesity, the adjusted odds ratio is 8.08 when comparing the highest to the lowest UHR quartile.
-defined obesity shows an even higher adjusted odds ratio of 29.95 in the highest UHR quartile.
The adjusted odds ratio for WWI-defined obesity in the highest UHR quartile is 4.58.
Significant effect modifications by diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease status were observed.
A nonlinear dose-response relationship between UHR and obesity risk was identified.
Simplified
BACKGROUND: Obesity has emerged as a critical global public health challenge. Postmenopausal women experience significantly elevated risks of metabolic disorders and a marked increase in obesity prevalence due to declining estrogen levels. The uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (UHR), an emerging biomarker for metabolic syndrome, is gaining clinical recognition. This study systematically investigates the association between the and obesity in postmenopausal women and evaluates its predictive value.
METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 7,811 postmenopausal women from the 2005-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Weighted multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, behavioral patterns, and clinical covariates, were employed to examine the UHR index's association with three obesity indices: body mass index (), waist-to-height ratio (), and weight-adjusted waist index (WWI). Robustness was assessed through stratified subgroup analyses, interaction tests, restricted cubic spline (RCS) modeling, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and sensitivity analyses to evaluate nonlinear relationships and predictive performance.
RESULTS: The weighted obesity prevalence was 44.05%. After full adjustment, the highest UHR quartile (Q4) showed significantly elevated obesity risks versus the lowest quartile (Q1): BMI-defined obesity (adjusted OR = 8.08, 95% CI: 6.49-10.09), WHtR-defined obesity (adjusted OR = 29.95, 95% CI: 17.08-52.51), and WWI-defined obesity (adjusted OR = 4.58, 95% CI: 3.70-5.67). Subgroup analyses revealed significant effect modifications by diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease status (P for interaction < 0.05 for all three obesity indices). The RCS analysis demonstrated a nonlinear dose-response relationship. ROC analysis indicated superior predictive performance for WHtR-defined abdominal obesity (AUC = 0.795, 95% CI: 0.778-0.813), with sensitivity analyses corroborating the primary findings.
CONCLUSION: The UHR index exhibits a strong, dose-dependent association with obesity risk in postmenopausal women, persisting after comprehensive covariate adjustment. As a metabolic indicator, the UHR index provides clinically meaningful supplementation to conventional obesity assessments, particularly in capturing metabolically driven obesity risk.
Key numbers
8.09
Increase in -defined obesity risk
Adjusted for Q4 vs. Q1.
29.95×
Increase in -defined obesity risk
Adjusted for Q4 vs. Q1.
44.05%
Obesity prevalence
Weighted obesity prevalence in the study population.
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Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The NCHS Research Ethics Review Committee and the NHANES both examined and approved the research that involved human subjects. To take part in this study, the patients/participants gave their written informed consent. This study utilized de-identified, publicly available NHANES secondary data. All personally identifiable information (including names, identification numbers, and other direct identifiers) was removed through standardized de-identification procedures in compliance with ethical requirements for human subject data protection. In accordance with prevailing research ethics guidelines, secondary analysis of such pre-approved, de-identified public datasets qualifies for exemption from additional institutional review, a standard this study rigorously followed. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
PubMed
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