Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is characterized by progressive tubular injury, yet the mechanisms linking metabolic stress to organelle dysfunction remain unclear. Here, utilizing human renal biopsies, db/db and high-fat diet with streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse models, and cultured renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) exposed to 30 mM glucose, we demonstrate that impaired pexophagy drives peroxisomal dysfunction and tubular damage in DKD. Diabetic conditions induced marked accumulation of the peroxisomal membrane protein PMP70 (encoded by ABCD3/Abcd3) in RTECs, reflecting impaired peroxisomal turnover. We identified ubiquitin-specific peptidase 30 (USP30) as a contributor of this process. Expression profiling and localization analyses revealed that USP30 expression was significantly elevated in vivo and in vitro under high-glucose conditions and predominantly localized to RTECs. Global genetic depletion of USP30 restored peroxisomal function and metabolic homeostasis, enhanced pexophagy, and attenuated tubular injury. Mechanistically, USP30 antagonized the ubiquitination of the peroxisomal import receptor PEX5, thereby suppressing pexophagy. Furthermore, deletion of the essential autophagy factor ATG5 abolished the protective effects of USP30 deficiency. These findings reveal a critical role of USP30 mediated regulation of pexophagy in DKD and suggest that USP30 may serve as an experimental intervention target to alleviate tubular injury in DKD.
