Differences in visual-spatial working memory and driving behavior between morning-type and evening-type drivers

Dec 22, 2019Accident; analysis and prevention

Visual-spatial memory and driving behavior differences between morning and evening drivers

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Circadian Biology on OpenScience ↗PubMed ↗DOI ↗

Abstract

A total of 42 Chinese drivers participated in a study examining the relationship between chronotype and driving behavior.

Evening-type drivers reported more dangerous driving behaviors compared to morning-type drivers.
Evening-type drivers demonstrated better lateral control in simulated driving tasks.
Evening-type drivers showed greater accuracy in visual-spatial working memory tasks.
Higher accuracy in visual-spatial working memory tasks was associated with an increased percentage of time exceeding the speed limit by 10 mph.
Greater accuracy in visual-spatial tasks was negatively correlated with reaction time in the pedestrian-crossing task.

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Circadian rhythms are changes in life activities over a cycle of approximately 24 hours. Studies on chronotypes have found that there are significant differences in physiology, personality, cognitive ability and driving behavior between morning-type and evening-type people. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between visual-spatial working memory and driving behavior between morning-type and evening-type drivers in China. A total of 42 Chinese drivers were selected to participate in this study according to their score on the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, including 22 morning-type drivers and 20 evening-type drivers. During the experiment, the participants completed one cognitive task (visual-spatial working memory), two simulated driving tasks (car-following task and pedestrian-crossing task), and the Dula Dangerous Driving Index (DDDI). The results showed that evening-type drivers self-reported more dangerous driving behaviors but had better lateral control on the simulated driving task than morning-type drivers. In addition, evening-type drivers had greater accuracy when performing the visual-spatial working memory task. Moreover, the accuracy on the visual-spatial working memory task positively predicted the percentage of time over the speed limit by 10 mph (POS10) and negatively correlated with the reaction time measure (time to meet pedestrians) in the pedestrian-crossing task. The relationships among chronotype, cognitive ability and driving behavior are also discussed. Understanding the underlying mechanisms could help explain why evening-type drivers perform dangerous driving behaviors more often.

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Differences in visual-spatial working memory and driving behavior between morning-type and evening-type drivers

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